LABORATORY PREPARATION _ CLASS 10

	LABORATORY PREPARATION
	Hydrogen Chloride	Nitric Acid	Ammonia
Reactants	Sodium chloride (NaCl) and Conc. Sulphuric acid (H2SO4)	Sodium nitrate (NaNO3) / Potassium nitrate (KNO3) and Conc. Sulphuric acid (H2SO4)	Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and Slaked Lime [Ca(OH)2 ]
Balanced Equation	NaCl + H2SO4  NaHSO4 + HCl	KNO3 + H2SO4  KHSO4 + HNO3	2NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2  CaCl2 + 2H2O + 2NH3
Method of Collection	Upward displacement of air.	----------	Downward displacement of air.
Reason	1. HCl is heavier than air. 2. HCl is highly soluble in water.	------------	1. NH3 is lighter than air. 2. NH3 is highly soluble in water.
Drying agent	Conc. Sulphuric acid	-------------	Quicklime (CaO)
Reason	HCl gas is acidic in nature and  does not react with Conc. Sulphuric acid.		CaO is basic in nature and does not react with basic ammonia gas.

	LABORATORY PREPARATION
	Methane	Ethane	Ethene	Ethyne	Ethanol
Reactants	Sodium ethanoate (CH3COONa) and sodalime. [Sodalime is a mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and calcium oxide (CaO).	Sodium propanoate  (C2H5COONa) and sodalime.	Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) and conc. sulphuric acid.	Calcium carbide and water	Chloroethane (Ethyl chloride) and aqueous potassium hydroxide (KOH)
Balanced Equation	CH3COONa + NaOH  CH4 + Na2CO3	C2H5COONa +NaOH  C2H6 + Na2CO3	C2H5OH  C2H4 + H2O	CaC2 + 2 H2O → C2H2 + Ca(OH)2	C2H5Cl + KOH (aq)   C2H5OH + KCl
Method of Collection	Downward displacement of water.	Downward displacement of water.	Downward displacement of water.	Downward displacement of water.